Career and Technical Education

Presentation The program of Career Technical Education (CTE) is a critical model for progress. Its structure contains fifty bunches of profession in the California Region Occupational Programs. Moreover, it has ninety-six pathways of profession. The understudies in CTE program have numerous benefits.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Career and Technical Education explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, it empowers the understudies to browse a wide scope of professions. This wide scope of professions empowers the understudy to comprehend their inclinations in the correct manner. Subsequently, they pick suitable ways that lead them to scholastic success in learning establishments. The program empowers the students to gain vital scholastic abilities and specialized information. It, likewise, supports a solid establishment in scholastics. CTE offers involvement with the particular profession fields. This gets ready understudies to become serious exp erts in their tasks. Skill is a factor that brings their interest up in the activity showcase. It gives entry level positions which help them to procure working experience. The working experience gives essential information on proficient set of accepted rules and employer’s desires. CTE program, in this manner, produces imaginative and high performing understudies. For this situation, it produces prepared experts who can work under pressure, great cooperative people and trend-setters. Issue Statement There are different difficulties that face California instructive framework. The difficulties are money related, authoritative and basic. One of the most basic difficulties is the powerlessness to fulfill the requirements of the whole understudy in government funded schools. TradeMartes has composed an article recommending that California is hesitant. The article proposes that California needs tirelessness in deciding the devices required for training in the propelled levels (Tra demartes.com, 2013). The point of CTE program is to give hypothetical information close by down to earth usage of theory.Advertising Looking for exposition on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It looks to help the understudy in applying the abilities they master during classes. Inadequate assets lead to absence of useful abilities that dishearten understudies to proceed with their instruction. California instructive division shows cessation of eighteen percent of the students who started their secondary school training in the year 2006. In 2012, a portion of the understudies took the K-12 educational plan along with their classes. The dropouts depict a scholarly hole between age mates and the understudies from Hispania, Africa and England. Research question The assessment of the difficult proclamation raises a significant concern. For this situation, we have the issue identifying with dropping out and deficient asse ts. We, along these lines, look to comprehend the impact of Career and Technical Education at different degrees of learning. This exploration will address the inquiry â€Å"What would be the impact on students in the eleventh and twelfth grades in the event that Career and Technical Education on the secondary school grounds and district word related focuses were moved to the junior colleges in the territory of California?† Hypothesis Education has pivotal activities to manage the learning forms. The activities incorporate adequacy of instructors, dispensing with hole of accomplishment, sustaining education, consolidating colleagues, down to earth execution, advancement of callings and empowering assessment. Profession and Technical Education has associations with the instructive activities at secondary school and school levels. In secondary school and school, a viable CTE program relies upon the jobs of associations, mechanical commitment and business partners.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Career and Technical Education explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They, likewise, guarantee that the program is adaptable and productive. The development of CTE program to the universities would instill better working encounters and works on during learning process. Test populace Our objective populace includes the secondary school dropouts. They have a populace size that is enormous. Thus, we can't gather data from the entire populace. Subsequently, we will think about an example populace. Additionally, we will consider the data gathered from the example populace as a genuine impression of the entire populace. For this situation, the example will be gathered utilizing the irregular purposive strategy. The arbitrary purposive determination will guarantee that the example populace isn't supportive of any ideal outcome. It, along these lines, dispenses with biasness and gives solid outcomes. In the example populace, we will consider three informational collections. These incorporate the understudies who have just dropped out, the proceeding with ones, and the teachers. For this situation, the dropouts will give their past involvement with secondary school. On the opposite side, the proceeding with understudies will give the current experience on the difficulties and quality of CTE program in secondary school. This will upgrade broadening of perspectives that give dependable end. The populace will join understudy beneath or more the age of fifteen. Since variety in age is significant, understudies underneath the age of fifteen will conceivably have an alternate view from those over the age of fifteen. This variety will, in this way, guarantee the outcomes are dependable. What's more, we will gather information from the CTE instructors. The teachers will help in giving the impacts of the program on yield as opposed to point of view. They will give data that doesn't just depend on assessments, yet in addi tion the genuine presentation of understudies in the system.Advertising Searching for exposition on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This expansion as far as age, status of learning, and position in the framework will give valid outcomes. Writing Review The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth that was gathered, in 1997, structures the premise of Plank’s article. The Plank’s article uses the study to decide the connection between's secondary school educational program and understudy dropouts. In particular, it looks to comprehend the impact of consolidating CTE and scholarly courses. Specifically, the article targets deciding the probability of an understudy dropping out from school when they are presented to this mix. The model of perils shows a noteworthy curvilinear connection between's the CTE course taking and dropping out. They watched this for the young people with the time of all things considered fourteen years. This suggests the mix of scholarly educational plan and CTE fortify the moderately aged understudies in training. On a similar light, the relationship didn't exist for understudies that were matured in any event fifteen years. There was a high danger of the understudies dropping out of school when they were presented to that blend. In the school arrangement, the understudies over the age of fifteen were old for the evaluation. Thus, they had less connection to the framework (Plank, DeLuca Estacion, 2008). This article gives different answers for the issue in scholastics. Math, composing and proficiency are the essential segments of scholastic reconciliation. It recommends that there are different manners by which the CTE teachers could join the three abilities. One of the best ways is the characteristic blend of the three fundamental scholastic aptitudes (MacQuarrie, 2008). In professional and specialized instruction, Abiddin (2012) proposes that training is a pivotal factor in instructive preparing. What's more, Abiddin proposed that preparation is a significant device in creating peoples’ callings. The analyst, further, proposes that instructing have an association with proficient advancement, self-improvement, and creating profession of the trained individual. For this situation, both the mentor and the individual being instructed must assume their jobs totally. Be that as it may, they should complete their obligations inside the constraints of the organizations’ program of preparing. This article gives a rundown of the current data which directs the two players to prepare in the most ideal manner. The synopsis, in this manner, give rules that lead to successful preparing. The rules incorporate instructing model, coach’s job, and the connection between the mentor and the individual being trained (Abiddin Ismail, 2012). Strategies This exploration embraced the examination blend methodology. The methodology upheld assessment of unique or essential tutoring. The assessment was done on different elements of CTE program. It inspects the program in an offer to incorporate, clarify, and blend the data of grant. The audit of the current writing targets deciding and giving an investigation of the current issues and patterns in the distributions of research. The size of the current writing about this exploration is enormous. Therefore, keeping the updates of the ongoing examinations is testing. In this way, the examination utilizes deliberate surveys. Deliberate audits target pooling the finding of different examines together. In spite of the fact that the surveys are getting normal, numerous attendants are uninformed about them. They, likewise, don't have adequate information on leading them. On this light, this diagram centers around giving an insight on the most proficient method to lead a subjective survey. It, therefore, talks about on the best way to begin a blend, the means associated with amalgamation, and how to report the discoveries. End We welcome the qualities of Career and Technical Education that are depicted in this exposition. In any case, we perceive that the phase of presenting the program is significant. This exploration will, consequently, help in deciding effect that the program will have on the understudies at various degrees of learning. It endeavors to address this inquiry through an interac

The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth Free Essays

The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth In Greek fantasy, there are numerous divinities who have some expertise in various domains. As indicated by Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound and Homer’s Iliad, Greek divine beings don't just have power, yet additionally have cooperations with people. The vast majority of Greek gods make themselves or their goal known to people through direct correspondence and circuitous discipline. We will compose a custom paper test on The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Zeus rebuffs Prometheus, the maker and defender of the humans, for taking fire from the divine beings and offering it to the people. Zeus, the ruler of the Gods, leads the world by his own laws. In spite of the fact that Prometheus is one of the most canny Titans and takes Zeus’s side in the Titanomachy, he can't abstain from being rebuffed for the infringement of Zeus’s will. After Zeus wins the war against the Titans, he intends to decimate people totally and make another race (Aesch. Star. 229-237). Since Prometheus restricts Zeus and shows exorbitant hardheadedness and pride, Zeus requests that his workers, Strength and Violence, tie Prometheus to a mountain to show his capacity. Divine beings likewise speak with individuals. For instance, in Iliad, Athena descends and attempts to make harmony among Agamemnon and Achilles. During the war between the Achaeans and Trojans, Achilles, one of the Achaean’s most significant warriors, is furious with the authority Agamemnon for removing his prize, Briseis, and quits battling for the Achaeans. Athena despises the Trojans, so she converses with Achilles to persuade him to quit battling with Agamemnon and join the fight (Hom. Il. 1. 241-251). Likewise, Athena invigorates the Achaean saint Diomedes mind boggling and the capacity to see the divine beings so that Diomedes can be all the more impressive in the war (Hom. Il. 5. 1-3). She additionally energizes Diomedes and cautions him not to challenge the divine beings aside from Aphrodite (Hom. Il. 5. 136-137). In spite of the fact that the Greek divine beings speak with people and help them here and there, they are really not ethically upstanding. The greater part of time, they settle on choices dependent on their own advantages. Practically all the Greek divine beings are associated with the result of Trojan War, which was begun from a fight between the goddesses Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. Zeus vows to help the Trojans not out of any significant good thought yet rather on the grounds that he owes Achilles’s mother Thetis some help (Hom. Il. 1. 600-609). Hera and Athena enthusiastically detest the Trojans, so they cooperate to enable the Achaeans to recuperate from their retreat. Hera even tempts Zeus with the goal that she can help the Achaeans despite his good faith (Hom. Il. 14. 283-289). Also, the River Xanthus is furious when Achilles executes such a large number of Trojans, whose carcasses are gagging him. However, in the battle among Xanthus and Achilles, Poseidon, the divine force of ocean, comes to help Achilles since he holds resentment against the Trojans, who never repaid him for helping them assemble their city. Due to the Greek gods’ association in the Trojan War, it turns out to be very disordered. None of them are fair-minded or reasonable for the two sides of the war. They are extremely enthusiastic and consistently attempt to battle against the individuals they despise. A similar kind of conduct happens in Prometheus Bound. Zeus has no pity or worry for other people. He sent falcons to assault Prometheus over and over (Aesch. Expert. 1022-1025). In any case, he chooses to free Prometheus at last since Prometheus consents to offer him a prophet. Accordingly, the Greek divine beings are narrow minded and don't comply with an ethical code by any stretch of the imagination. Zeus isn't ethically upstanding; in any case, as the lord of the Olympian divine beings, he assumes a significant job in both heavenly and human collaborations. The primary subject of Homer’s Iliad is the rage of Achilles. In spite of the fact that Achilles will not battle against the Trojans on account of Agamemnon’s slight, he comes back to the fight at long last. This to a great extent relies upon Zeus, who is one of the arbitrators in this story. He consents to rebuff the Achaeans when Achilles’s mother Thetis requests that he do as such, which subsides Achilles’s rage. In many pieces of the story, Zeus remains fair-minded and shields different divine beings from interceding in the war. Likewise, Zeus, as the image of power and equity, never descends onto the front line to meddle with the human clashes, as opposed to the remainder of the divine beings who battle for what they favor. For example, Apollo and Artemis, who bolster the Trojans in the war, regularly offer guide to the city of Troy. Zeus goes about as an equalization through the whole war. Since he is subordinate to Fates, he maintains the divine beings in control and keeps them from damaging the Fates. Zeus permits a few divine beings to go to the combat zone after Apollo joins the fight since he doesn’t need the Achaeans to win sooner than they should. All through the Trojan War, Zeus is the executive who keeps the war move along the correct track. He generally stays unbiased and assumes an essential job in the heavenly and human cooperations. The perfect cooperations among Zeus and different divine beings are identified with human issues. These associations can be found in the connection among lord and subjects, male and female. All the Greek gods need to obey Zeus’s rules since he is the ruler of the divine beings, a ground-breaking dictator. Be that as it may, Prometheus is a special case. He offers fire to humanity and is difficult to the point that he will not make harmony with Zeus (Aesch. Genius. 167-175). Thus, he is fastened to a mountain, where different divine beings can perceive how embarrassing he is. Agamemnon, the pioneer of the Achaean armed force is additionally narrow minded and presumptuous, which is equivalent to Zeus. At the point when one of his significant warriors Achilles challenges his initiative, Agamemnon is irate to the point that he removes Achilles’s reward (Hom. Il. 1. 378-382). So clearly regardless of in the Greek folklore or genuine world, the lord consistently is supplied with power that he can control his domain and get anything he desires. Be that as it may, there is somewhat unique in the remaining of male and female. In contrast to customary ladies, the Greek female divinities do have some force; for example, Hera is the goddess of marriage and ladies fruitfulness; Aphrodite is the goddess of sexual fascination. While in humankind, Homer depicts ladies as futile holders. Since they just devour food and don't create, they are mediocre and not ready to talk their wills or settle on any choices. In Iliad, Chryseis and Briseis, a couple of lovely ladies is regarded to Agamemnon and Achilles independently. When Chryseis’s father attempts his best to recover his little girl, Agamemnon replaces Chryseis with Achilles’s sweetheart Briseis. Chryseis and Briseis are treated as articles. Homer doesn't make reference to any of their words in the book in light of the fact that nobody minds how they really feel with the exception of their folks. In general, the likenesses between divine cooperations and human undertakings are that the rulers are in every case amazing and the female is compliant to the male. Despite the fact that Iliad is an anecdote about antiquated saints, divine beings and goddesses, it reflects the qualities and states of Greek society around then. Iliad was composed around eighth century BC, the Archaic Period in Greek history. The primary progress is the ascent of polis and colonization in Greek society. In the book, all the divine beings are leaded by Zeus and comply with his standards, which mirrors that each polis has its own ruler who isn't ethically upstanding and will in general set up tyrannies, raise armed forces and assault different polies to grow his impact. Furthermore, the human connections are not well in the event that we think about the connection among Zeus and Hera. In the Trojan War, Hera totally backs up the Achaeans. So when Thetis requests that Zeus help the Trojans, he is delayed; in any case, he at last concurs in light of the fact that he owes her (Hom. Il. 1. 619-635). Hera hears that and asks Zeus what’s his arrangement, yet Zeus answers that she will be the first to realize whatever is directly for her (Hom. Il. 1. 644-660). So Hera is exceptionally irate and chooses to lure Zeus so as to help the Achaeans despite his good faith. From the fantasy, we can find that there is not really any trust or guarantee among a couple. So it’s conceivable that couple in genuine Greek family may swindle each other for various reasons. Moreover, Zeus guarantees Thetis that he will give Achilles more wonders, which mirrors that respect can be one of the most significant subjects during that time. Individuals need greatness with the goal that they can be ground-breaking in the general public. All in all, the Greek divine beings consistently have power in various zones, yet they despite everything are not as amazing as Zeus who administers the world. They utilize various approaches to demonstrate their capacity to the individuals, for example, correspondence and discipline. Be that as it may, these Greek divine beings including Zeus are not ethically upstanding. They follow up on their own egotistical purposes and now and again cheat each other to get what they need. As the lord of the divine beings, Zeus is pivotal in the human and perfect connections. He can control the war and make the individuals who challenge his power like Prometheus to endure. The delineation of the divine beings and perfect associations really gives a practical perspective on human conditions. The ascent of polis and colonization are the significant subjects in the Archaic Period. The ruler of the polis consistently has solid force and settles on choices dependent on his will. The warriors and pioneers are typically male since ladies are viewed as pointless and second rate, which is a little complexity to the Greek legend. Step by step instructions to refer to The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth, Papers The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth Free Essays The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth In Greek legend, there are numerous divinities who have some expertise in various domains. As indicated by Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound and Homer’s Iliad, Greek divine beings don't just have power, yet additionally have associations with people. The greater part of Greek divinities make themselves or their aim known to people through direct correspondence and aberrant discipline. We will compose

How to Cope When You are Alone on Christmas

How to Cope When You are Alone on Christmas Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How to Cope When You Are Alone on Christmas By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on July 28, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Johner Images / Getty Images You might be alone on Christmas for different reasons, such as the death of a loved one, living far from relatives, or because of social isolation. If you have social anxiety disorder (SAD)  and dont have close relationships with family or friends, loneliness at Christmas could be particularly hard. In general, there are three ways to cope with being alone at Christmas. First, you can address your mental state and how it is contributing to your loneliness. Second, you can find things to do on Christmas so that you feel less alone. And third, you can plan ahead so that you are not alone this time next year. Addressing Your Mental State Christmas is the perfect day to take the time to appreciate what you have in life, be it good health, a place to live, or food on the table. Having gratitude will also help you to move past anxiety, as you learn to live in the present moment and be mindful of your surroundings. One way to practice gratitude is to write down three things you are grateful for on this day. What if youre plagued by negative thoughts? If you feel like you dont know how to cope with being alone, ask yourself What would I do if I did know how to cope?  You have more power than you think over your thoughts and how they make you feel. You can choose to feel lonely because you are alone, or you can choose to feel grateful for the positive things in your life. That doesnt mean that you need to spend every Christmas alone; just that dwelling on the fact this Christmas isnt going to help matters. Reframing your negative thoughts is the basis of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.?? 10 Tips for Coping With Loneliness at Christmas One way to cope with being alone on Christmas is to actually go out and do something productive. Rather than spend the day at home, alone, find something that you can do that fits with your mindset and mental state for the day. If you feel full of energy, and the weather is decent, maybe you might sign up for a 5k run. If you feel social, you might attend a church service to be in the presence of others. Below are some other ideas of things to keep you from focusing on the fact you are alone. Say Yes Perhaps you are alone this year because you turned down invitations. Call those people back and say yes. This is often a problem for those with social anxietyâ€"you turn down invitations only to regret it and feel lonely afterward. Volunteer One way to gain a better appreciation for the good things in your life is to get involved in volunteering. Volunteering during the holidays is a way to connect with others, boost your self-esteem, and bring joy to people who are less fortunate. Consider offering to help serve dinner at a soup kitchen, bring gifts to a childrens hospital, or visit lonely residents at a nursing home.?? If you feel nervous about doing these social activities, all the better; its a chance to test your boundaries and expand your social skills. In fact, research shows that practicing kindness may reduce your tendency to avoid social situations.?? Host an Orphan Christmas You are not the only one alone during the holidays. Plan an Orphan Christmas for those who have no one to spend the holiday with, or join a group of people in similar circumstances. If you feel anxious about reaching outâ€"consider that other people who are alone on Christmas may feel isolated, lonely, and nervous to call on you, too. Work If you enjoy your work, and you have the option to work on Christmas, spend the day being productive. This is a smart choice if your job involves interacting with coworkers or customers; being at work will help you to feel less lonely. If you dont have the option to work on Christmas, spend the day working around your home or on a project that youve put off for too long. Host an Online Christmas Do you have online friends? Do you have long-distance relatives? Host an online Christmas by setting up a Skype chatroom or Facebook group. People can drop in and out as they please, and you dont have to cook, clean,  or even get off the sofa. As an added bonus, youll have a chance to practice your social skills as you welcome new people to the group and catch up with old friends. Enjoy Solitude If being alone on  Christmas is unavoidable, plan a day for yourself. Buy something online to treat yourself, cook your favorite foods, and plan a movie marathon. Or, cut through the cliches and do something offbeat like learning a new language or starting work on the novel thats always been in your head. Christmas is a day to indulge in whatever makes you happy. How to Plan Ahead for Next Christmas Plan for a better future. If social anxiety has left you alone on Christmas, vow to visit your doctor in the new year and get a handle on your anxiety. If youve never been diagnosed, make a plan to share your concernsâ€"you can even hand a typewritten letter to your doctor if that helps. Social anxiety tends to be overlooked or mistaken for other problems, particularly because people with the disorder are not good at sharing how they feel. Use whatever means necessary to impress upon your doctor the severity of your symptoms. What to Do If Youre Having Difficulty Coping If you are feeling really down about being alone on Christmas and cant pull yourself out of it, reach out for help. Call a friend, family member, or a helpline. Regardless of whether you are physically separated from people on Christmas, you should never feel like you are lacking support. There are people who would love to hear from you and trained volunteers waiting to counsel you. A Word From Verywell While feeling socially isolated one day of the year may be common, finding yourself crippled by social anxiety more days than not may be a sign of a disorder. If youve not already consulted your doctor about severe social anxiety, be sure to make an appointment to discuss the possibility of a diagnosis and referral for treatment.

Hispanic Research Paper - 1034 Words

Approximately 1 in 6 individuals are Hispanic in the United States, and the population is expected to grow to 1 in 4 by 2035 (CDC, 2015). Given that, Hispanics are the biggest minority group in the US (CDC, 2015). The leading cause of death among the Hispanic population is heart disease and cancer responsible for around 2 out of 5 deaths (CDC, 2015). Hispanics have a 50% greater chance of death resulting from diabetes or liver disease than whites (CDC, 2015). Additionally, there are 3 times as more uninsured Hispanics than whites (CDC, 2015). According to the US average, whites are 15 years older than the Latino population, so prevention will greatly benefit the health of the Latino population (CDC, 2015). Furthermore, Hispanics have 24%†¦show more content†¦Elders are honored and valued for their opinion on urgent matters in the family (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Not only family, but spiritualism is used for health promotion by prayer for the ill and dying (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Hot and cold imbalances, magic, spiritual discipline, disturbance of internal organs, and mental and emotional problems are thought to be the cause of sickness and bad health (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). The theory of hot and cold directs Latinos to choose applicable treatment (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). To demonstrate, warm liquids are used for an individual with a cold, and child liquids are used for an individual with a fever (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Not to mention, Hispanics also believe that illness and disease are caused by the paranormal and psychological disorders (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Mal de ojo (evil eye) is believed to be caused by the look of animosity by a person (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014; Jarvis, 2012). Susto (fright) and ataque de nervios (hysteria) are provoked by traumatic incidents, crises, and powerful emotions (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Folk healers such as curandero, spiritualist, yerbero, and sabador are still used, including home remedies (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). Curanderos use prayers, herbs, rituals, and laying of the hands as a form of health promotion (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014). TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nursing Professional Organization802 Words   |  4 PagesA Nursing Professional Organization The National Association of Hispanic Nursing Name College Abstract This research paper is on The Nurse Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHN). I will explain the primary mission of this organization and it’s contributing factor and benefits to nursing. 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Going Up As A Young African American Girl - 856 Words

Going up as a young African American girl in Philadelphia was not always easy, however having a strong family structure, old fashion southern culture, and beliefs has molded me into the strong women that I am today. Now that I am a mother, following my family’s culture and beliefs are not always the easiest thing to do, because time has changed and I feel like I am forced to conform to the everyday social norms of America. Yes, growing up was not easy, but my family and youth kept me in the dark when it came to how society treats individuals of darker complexion, what to expect once I left the confines of my family and neighborhood, and how to befriend or interact with individuals of other racial groups. All of the things that I listed were things that I had to learn throw trial and error, which makes life a little harder than it already is. Having dark skin and long thick hair has always been things that I was proud of, because this was the way that all the women in my fam ily looked. My mother and grandmother always made me feel like being me or looking like me was the greatest gift in the world, however, I learned from the constant teasing and hair pulling from individuals in my 5th grade class that looking like the rest of my family was not seen as a good thing to others outside of my home. That is when I became truly aware of my differences and I believe those negative experiences changed the way I viewed my own self-worth and beauty. I am no long that confidentShow MoreRelatedThe Black Doll Test Was First Performed In The 1940S By983 Words   |  4 PagesAfro-American girls and giving them a white and a black doll with the purpose of identifying each one as either the good or the bad doll. The result was that every girl chose the black doll as the bad one and the white doll as the nice and good doll. 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Higher Pleasures Unique to Human Beings Free Essays

John Stuart Mill argues In utilitarianism that higher pleasures are unique to human beings. Higher pleasures are those pleasures that require some minimum of cognitive capacities to enjoy. More specifically, higher pleasures are intellectual pleasures while lower pleasures are sensual pleasures. We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Pleasures: Unique to Human Beings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mill argues that animals are not capable of experiencing higher pleasures because animals are not aware of their higher facilities; animals lack the conscious ability to be curious, to achieve a sense of self-worth from volunteering. or to hold a deep and intellectual conversation. Mill successfully argues in utilitarianism that higher pleasures are not only distinct and unique to human beings, but are also more desirable and valuable than lower pleasures because human beings have higher facilities for happiness. â€Å"It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig dissatisfied,† (pg 18. ) Mill uses this example because human beings have experienced both higher and lower pleasures, and would not willingly switch from a life of hgher pleasures toa life of lower pleasures. Through controlled experiences, Griffen and Speck argue in New Evidence of Animal Consciousness that animals do possess some torm ot primary consciousness enabling them to experience these lower pleasures that Mill describes. Intellectual pleasures may be unique to humans, but sensual pleasures are now being examined and documented in animals. How do we, as humans, know with certainty that higher pleasures are more desirable and valuable than lower pleasures? Mill argues that higher pleasures are superior to lower pleasures with the following example, human beings know both sides of the question, while pigs only know their side of the question. Human beings nd animals have two very different ideas of happiness and content â€Å"It is indisputable that the being whose capacities of enjoyment are low, has the greatest chance of having them fully satisfied†¦ and they will not make him enw the being who is indeed unconscious of the imperfections, but only because he feels not at all the good which those Imperfections qualify† (page 18. ) Mill argues that no human being, who knows both sides of the question, would voluntarily go from a Ife of higher pleasures to a life of lower pleasures. Mill states that once a human being is ade aware of their higher pleasures, they would never be happy to leave a life of higher pleasures for a life of lower pleasures. Higher pleasures are therefore superior in kind to lower pleasures. We can think of levels of pleasure on a continuum, with lower pleasures, such as sex, food, and sleep on the lower end of the continuum, and higher pleasures, such as reading a book, volunteering, or seeing a good play on the higher end of the continuum. Human beings have experience both kinds of pleasure, higher and lower, and are therefore are qualified with the knowledge to distinguish that higher pleasures are more valuable and desirable than ower pleasures. In tne artlcle New Evidence 0T Animal consciousness, GrlTTen ana speck present evidence that support the idea that animals are capable of experiencing at least some level of consciousness. In the article, consciousness is described as â€Å"the subjective state of feeling or thinking about objects and events† (pg 6. The authors encourage us to think of consciousness also along a continuum, with basic consciousness on one end, and a â€Å"higher† form on consciousness on the other. The authors agree with Natsoula’s evidence that animals have some form of basic onsciousness, â€Å"Animals are sometimes aware of objects and events, including social relationships, memories, and simple short-term anticipation of likely happenings in the near future† (pa ge 6. However, animals do not experience a form of advanced or â€Å"higher† consciousness that is unique to humans. The chapter states that if animals are conscious, their conscious level probably varies from the simplest feelings to thinking about the common problems they can face, and ways to avoid it. As stated above, consciousness requires some form minimum of cognitive capacities, animals lack any form of cognitive capacities, leaving higher pleasures istinctively unique to human beings. The central question in the article is whether or not animals experience a form of basic consciousness, and if so, what is the content of their awareness, a question that can help us better understand them, their way of life, and what type of pleasures they experience. Referring back to Mill’s Utilitarianism, Mill argues that higher pleasures are more desirable and more valuable than lower pleasures. Utilitarian writers, in general, agree that higher pleasures are superior to lower pleasures because they place an emphasize on mental pleasures over bodily pleasures. And in general, Utilitarian writers agree that although you can enjoy more lower pleasures, you cannot consider quality alongside quantity; the level of your happiness should depend on the quantity of your pleasures. At this point, I think it would be fair to say that animals posses some form of primary or basic consciousness, perhaps the most simple evidence to support this claim can be found in Frith et al. ‘s study. â€Å"Gestures and movements can be made with a deliberate communicative intent†¦ This realization of the significance of communication as a source of evidence about conscious feelings and thoughts ntails a simple transfer to animals of the basic methods by which we infer what our human companions are thinking or feeling† (pg 12. ) Animals communicate a variety of thoughts and feelings, proving that they possess some form of primary or basic consciousness. And because animals possess some form of primary consciousness, it would be fair to say that animals experience some for of sensual experiences, or what Mill would define as lower pleasures. Another piece of evidence that supports the claim that animals posses some form of primary or basic consciousness, can be seen in Weir et al’s experiment. In this experiment, it is shown how birds communicate through their own distinct behavior; it is shown how birds are able to adapt to an experimentally given environment. Two birds were presented with a bucket full of food, the bucket was placed at the bottom of a transparent vertical tube that could not be reached without their beak’s alone. The birds were then presented with two wires, one with a straight end, and the other with a bent end that formed a hook. The food was much easier to obtain with the nook endea wire. I ne Temale Dlra was always presented wltn tne stralgnt end, ana he male bird was always presented with the hooked end; however, the female bird was able to adapt to her environment and bend the end of her wire so that her wire was also hooked at the end. When only two straight wires were presented to the birds, the female bird was able to adapt and bend the wire to better reach her food, without any example or lead from the male bird’s wire. Through this experiment, it is clear that the female bird was able to adapt to her given environment. Her primary consciousness accompanied her form of perception, and influenced her action. â€Å"She had no model to imitate and, to our knowledge, no pportunity for hook making to emerge by chance shaping or reinforcement of randomly generated behavior† (pg 12. ) It is clear to see that the female bird perceived her goals as desirable; she saw that she needed food, and she made conscious adjustments in order to attain her goal. Her primary consciousness influenced her form of action. Linking back to Mill’s Utilitarianism, lower pleasures only require a simple, primary form a consciousness. New Evidence of Animal Consciousness argues that primary consciousness is, â€Å"The state or facility of being mentally conscious or aware of anything† (pg 6. The article argues through controlled experiments that animals can possess a primary form of consciousness. And because animals possess a form of simple, basic consciousness, they also possess the ability to experience lower pleasures. Animal’s possess the full mental capacity to live their lives to facilitate the highest level of their lower pleasures. Higher pleasures are unique to human beings. Human beings possess the inapt mental capacity to experience a form of pleasure derived from our intellect. Higher pleasures require some minimum of cognitive capacities to enjoy; because human eings have high cognitive capacities, we are capable of reaching higher levels of pleasure than animals. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill, Mill argues that higher pleasures can only be experienced by human beings because we possess some minimum of cognitive capacities; and that lower pleasures, such as sex, food, and sleep, can be experienced by any living that has a primary or basic conscious. Through controlled experiences, it is argued in New Evidence of Animal Consciousness that animals do possess some form of primary consciousness enabling them to experience these lower pleasures that Mill describes. How to cite Higher Pleasures: Unique to Human Beings, Papers

Rise to Rebellion free essay sample

Sahara included these to give the book more PPTP, not to be historically accurate to the last words of dialogue. For example, there is no way anyone can know for sure what the sentry was thinking as he stood in front of the Custom House Just minutes before the chaotic start of the Boston Massacre. Sahara does not try to convey every event, Important incident, and factor that provided America with the Idea and courage for a revolution, but rather shows how each of the characters that are focused on responded to his or her time, and how they witnessed and experienced and impacted the enormous changes unfolding around them. The book begins from the point of view of the sentry who is guarding a building, but soon witnesses the Boston Massacre. Lawyer John Adams runs to the scene of the killing, but is told to go back home. He discusses the events with his wife, and the day after is asked to defend Captain Thomas Preston, who Is accused of ordering the troops to fire. We will write a custom essay sample on Rise to Rebellion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thomas Gage, the commander In chief of British forces, meets with Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson and discusses removing the troops from Boston.Benjamin Franklin also discusses the events with Dry. Johnson. John Adams and Josiah Quince successfully defend Captain Preston. Ben Franklin is voted to represent Massachusetts in Great Britain, but Lord Hillsboro refuses him to take the position. Franklin now becomes a symbol for the colonial cause. After the ship The Gasped Is burned, King George Ill orders that all colonial officials had to be appointed by the king. Massachusetts citizens are outraged, and Adams calls for the Colonies to unite.Adams discusses with his wife that a revolution in the colonies now seems unavoidable and imminent. John and Sam Adams visit Thomas and Leash Hutchinson and try to convince them to stop trying to put non- British tea companies out of business, but the attempt is futile. Captain Hall of the ship the Dartmouth witnesses the Boston Tea Party. Upon Hutchinson removal, Thomas Cage Is given his troops along with the governorship of Massachusetts. British troops begin to take control in Boston, and Adams is chosen for the Continental Congress.When the Congress begins its session, Sam Adams fears that conservatives will take control; the Congress also hears reports that the British have destroyed Boston. To Cams relief, the conservative proposals are defeated and the congress ends, but accomplishes little. Lord Chatham meets with Franklin and discusses with him possible solutions to avoid war; later both Chatham and Gage receives a letter that he must arrest the principal actors in the promotion of rebellion. Paul Revere meets with Warren who tells him he must reach Concord to bring the news that the British are coming.Optician and his troops encounter resistance, and they are shot down. In a later battle the rebels faced the kings soldiers and drove them away. Optician, Graves, and Gage meet to discuss the most recent events. John Adams speaks to the chamber and proposes to elect George Washington as commander of the Continental Army. Back in Boston, Gage discusses with Clinton the plan to attack the Charleston peninsula. Warren is shocked to find that the town of Charleston is burning, and the battle of Breeders Hill begins.After the battle, Washington explain to General Ward that even though their men retreated they gave the British much more damage than they took themselves. In a combination of faith and optimism from the conservatives, the Olive Branch Petition was approved and sent to King George. Led by Admiral Graves, the town of Falmouth was burned to the ground by the British. The King rejects the Olive Branch petition. Word begins to spread that Norfolk has Just burned by the British and outrage spreads across the colonies.Washington begins to plan for the next attack, when Henry Knox arrives with a new supply of artillery; he then lays out his plan to his armys leaders, including Greene, Ward, and Knox, and the meeting is left with a rare optimism. At the next meeting of the Continental Congress Henry Lee gives his resolution. Adams, Jefferson, and Lee discuss the draft of the Declaration that Lee had written. It was only Maryland and New York that continued to vote against the Declaration. After Maryland finally decided to support the Declaration, twelve of the thirteen were in support.In the official vote New York delegates abstained from voting until instructed otherwise by their assembly, and the vote was unanimous. Celebration was shared among the colonies. Having a thesis statement may seem unusual for a historical fiction book, since students generally associate thesis statements with essays and term papers. But every writer has a purpose in writing what they write, and Jeff Sahara states his thesis in the To the Reader section before the novel begins. The thesis is, The Revolution itself was about not Just the power of armies, but the power of a people to decide their own future. Shards other purpose was to show the reader that, because of the actions of King George Ill and the British, the Revolution in the colonies was unavoidable. To support his thesis, he shows from several characters perspectives (most notably John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Gage) how the events from the beginning of the Boston Massacre perfectly set everything in motion for the American Revolution. Even as early in the book as chapter 1 1, John Adams discusses with his fife how ever since the Boston Massacre the Revolution is inevitable. Unless there is some radical change, unless some miracle brings these politicians to their senses, there will be a revolution. Sam has been talking about that for years. I thought he was a little insane. But he was only premature. And he was right. Its inevitable. There is no negotiation, no compromise, no reasoning. There are no rules. (Sahara 113) The evidence that the author addresses does support the conclusion, for, like many people predicted, The Declaration of Independence was signed and the Revolution began.Shards treatment of the subject is very convincing and effective, people, he does not include information that a certain character would not know at the time, and makes no references to people or events that have not yet occurred. The author was biased in his point of view, but his bias reflected the point of view of the character. For example in writing as Thomas Gage on page 253, he is excited to hear the news that the principle actors in the Revolution are to be arrested; but as Paul Revere on page 257, he is horrified at the news. 0 God be with you, Paul. You must warn them.Once the British reach Lexington 0 Doctor, I assure you. Ill awaken every man in every farm as I pass. By the time I get to Lexington, all of Massachusetts will know what is happening. (Sahara 259) Sahara does not provide the reader with a bibliography in which sources can be examined, but due to the general acceptance of the novel by critics and historians, there seems to be little chance of any blatantly false facts or ideas. Due to the novels impressive dialogue, carefully constructed characters, and historical accuracy I would say the book does make a contribution to the field of American History.